What are Natural Fibers
Textile fibers are so important from among all fibers. There are two broad categories of textile fibers: natural fiber and synthetic or manmade fiber. Natural fibers are those that are available in nature. You can find them in nature. We have domesticated many of these fiber sources, but they're still naturally occurring. Natural fibers can come from one of three sources: plant fibers, animal fibers, and mineral fibers. Cotton, wool, silk, jute are some of the major natural fibers which have attained a commercial importance in the fiber world
Natural fibers are facing stiff competition in the fiber market following the introduction of manmade fibers. Natural fibers are still holding their commercial status by virtue of some special characteristic properties which are not available with man made fibers. Therefore, cotton fiber is still considered as'King of fibers, the queen being the silk'
Cotton is known for its cool wear; silk for its elegance; wool for its resilience and warmth; jute for its cheapness and durability in storing and transporting goods. According to the historians India was the first country to grow cotton and weave cotton fabrics. The use of cotton for textiles was known to Indians from the time immemorial
Wool was introduced in 80 AD in England. The art of manufacturing fine quality yarn and fabric was known to the people of Worstead – a village in England. Now the term worsted used in this trade is an adapted form of the word Worstead. Therefore, wool is the fiber, while worsted and woolen are the systems or the process of converting the wool fiber to the respective yarn, viz. woolen yarn (coarse), worsted yarn (fine)
Silk was known to China in 2640 BC. The Chinese monopolized the art for over 3000 years. But during the early period of Christian era the cultivation of the silk worm (or sericulture) gradually began to trickle out of China
Classification of Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are formed through a biological process, which determines the form and structure of the fiber. The abundance and variability of nature have given a range of fibrous materials that are readily formed into textiles; the major fiber forms and their groupings are listed in Figure. The key natural fibers by use and historic importance are cotton, wool, flax, and silk. These fibers are radically different in form and performance and generate drastically different textile designs and function
الیاف طبیعی چیستند؟
الیاف نساجی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردارند و به‌طور کلی به دو دسته تقسیم می‌شوند: الیاف طبیعی و الیاف مصنوعی یا شیمیایی. الیاف طبیعی آن‌هایی هستند که به‌طور طبیعی در طبیعت یافت می‌شوند. بسیاری از این منابع الیاف را اهلی کرده‌ایم، اما همچنان به‌طور طبیعی وجود دارند. الیاف طبیعی می‌توانند از سه منبع اصلی به‌دست آیند: الیاف گیاهی، حیوانی و معدنی. پنبه، پشم، ابریشم و کنف از جمله الیاف طبیعی مهمی هستند که در صنعت نساجی کاربرد تجاری دارند.
الیاف طبیعی در بازار الیاف با رقابت شدید الیاف مصنوعی مواجه‌اند. با این حال، الیاف طبیعی همچنان جایگاه تجاری خود را حفظ کرده‌اند، زیرا ویژگی‌های خاصی دارند که در الیاف مصنوعی یافت نمی‌شود. به همین دلیل، پنبه همچنان به‌عنوان «پادشاه الیاف» و ابریشم به‌عنوان «ملکه» شناخته می‌شوند.
طبقه‌بندی الیاف طبیعی
الیاف طبیعی از طریق فرایندهای زیستی شکل می‌گیرند که فرم و ساختار آنها را تعیین می‌کند. تنوع و وفور طبیعت، مواد فیبری متنوعی را فراهم کرده است که به‌راحتی به منسوجات تبدیل می‌شوند. الیاف اصلی طبیعی از نظر کاربرد و اهمیت تاریخی عبارتند از: پنبه، پشم، کتان و ابریشم. این الیاف از نظر فرم و عملکرد تفاوت‌های اساسی دارند و طراحی‌های منسوجات و عملکردهای متفاوتی ایجاد می‌کنند.
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